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Web Programming Exam Summary ​

1. Website Basics ​

  • Definition: A collection of related web pages, images, videos, or digital assets addressed relative to a common URL.
  • Hosting: Hosted on at least one web server; accessible via the Internet or private network.

2. Types of Websites ​

  • Personal
  • Commercial
  • Organizational (government, non‑profit)
  • Entertainment

3. Web Evolution ​

  • Web 2.0: User‑centered; uses blogs, wikis, social networks, multimedia, dynamic scripts; relies on AJAX and JavaScript frameworks.
  • Web 3.0 (Semantic Web): Understands user intent; uses ontologies (e.g., OWL) for machine reasoning; focuses on AI and 3D graphics.

4. Website Types (Technical) ​

  • Static Website:
    • Displays information as stored on server.
    • Coded in HTML (.htm).
    • Content changes require manual file editing and re‑uploading.
  • Dynamic Website:
    • Retrieves fresh information each view (e.g., real‑time seat availability on Indian Railways).
    • Content updates automatically from a database.

5. Protocols ​

  • HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSL

6. Web Server ​

  • Computer that holds and serves a website.
  • Includes hardware, OS, server software, TCP/IP, and site content.
  • Delivers pages via HTTP.
  • Intranet server: internal use.
  • Internet server: serves external users.

7. HTML Basics ​

  • HyperText Markup Language: language for creating web pages.
  • Can include text, graphics, sound, video.

Tags ​

  • Keyword enclosed in angle brackets: <tag>

  • Many have opening and closing tags: <tag> content </tag>

  • Closing tag includes forward slash: /

  • Example: <B>Warning</B> -> Warning

  • Nested tags must close nearest first:

    html
    <h1><i>The Nation</i></h1>

Web Page Structure ​

All pages should contain:

html
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    Page content here.
  </body>
</html>
  • Title importance: Affects search‑engine ranking; appears in Favorites, History, Bookmarks.