Introduction to IoT - Lecture 9: IOT Protocols

IoT Protocols Overview

IoT protocols are essential for enabling secure and efficient communication between devices. They support four fundamental components:

• Device
• Connectivity
• Data
• Analytics

IoT Protocol Stack

A conceptual model that outlines how various IoT protocols operate across layers, including:

• Application Layer
• Transport Layer
• Network Layer
• Link/Physical Layer

IoT vs. Internet Protocol Stack

While both stacks aim to enable data communication, IoT stacks are optimized for:

• Lower power consumption
• Intermittent connectivity
• Real-time and lightweight operations

Types of IoT Protocols

IoT protocols can be broadly classified into:

1. Network Protocols: Handle device communication.
2. Data Protocols: Handle how data is formatted and transmitted.

IoT Network Protocols

Bluetooth and BLE

• Bluetooth: Used for short-range (2.4 GHz) communication.
• BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy): Optimized for IoT with low power and extended range (up to 150m).
• Latest version: Bluetooth 5.3 (as of July 2021).

Cellular (4G/5G)

• 4G: High-speed but power-hungry, less ideal for IoT.
• 5G: Better suited for IoT due to low latency and high capacity.

Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi HaLow

• Wi-Fi (802.11n): Popular but power-intensive.
• Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah): IoT-optimized with longer range and lower power consumption.

LPWANs (Low Power Wide Area Networks)

• Used for long-range, low-power IoT applications.
• Protocols: LoRaWAN, 6LoWPAN, Thread, NB-IoT, LTE-M, SigFox, Hay